Orang yang dipandang banyak mengetahui tentang obat adalah apoteker. Hal ini disebabkan:
1. Apoteker memiliki tanggung jawab terhadap obat yang tertulis di
dalam resep. Apoteker merupakan konsultan obat bagi dokter maupun
pasien yang memerlukannya. Apoteker harus mampu menjelaskan tentang
obat yang berguna bagi pasien karena dia mengetahui tentang:
(a) cara menggunakan dan meminum obat;
(b) efek samping yang timbul jika obat dipakai;
(c) stabilitas obat dalam berbagai kondisi;
(d) toksisitas dan dosis obat yang digunakan;
(e) rute penggunaan obat;
(f) eksistensinya sebagai seseorang yang ahli dalam obat.
2. Apoteker memiliki tanggung jawab yang penting terhadap penjualan obat bebas pada pasien.
Pada Industri Farmasi
Peran apoteker di industri farmasi antara lain:
1. menjadi anggota penelitian dan pengembangan (Litbang atau R&D [Research and Development]);
2. bertugas di bagian produksi farmasi;
3. bertugas di bidang informasi ilmiah dan masalah perundangundangan farmasi;
4. bertugas di bidang promosi, informasi, dan pelayanan obat;
5. bertugas di bidang penjualan (sales) dan pemasaran (marketing) obat.
Pada Pemerintahan dan TNI/Polri
Peran apoteker di pemerintahan dan TNI/Polri antara lain:
1. bertugas di bidang administrasi pelayanan obat pada instansi pemerintah/Angka tan Bersenjata /TNI/Polri;
2. bertugas di bidang korps ilmu biomedis Angkatan Udara;
3. bertugas di Departemen Kesehatan (Depkes), Direktorat Jenderal
Pelayanan Farmasi (Ditjen Yanfar), Badan/Balai Pengawas Obat dan
Makanan (BPOM), atau rumah sakit;
4. bertugas di Departemen Pendidikan Nasional (Depdiknas) sebagai dosen bidang farmasi.
Minggu, 18 Desember 2011
Selasa, 13 Desember 2011
Rabu, 07 Desember 2011
CERPEN TEMEN GW, READ IT!!!
“Aduhhh!!!!!!” Tia yang nggak sempat menghindari kejadian naas itu harus menanggung malu karena sekarang dirinya sedang terjerembab nggak wajar di atas tubuh seorang cowok yang tadi dia tabrak dan cowok itu adalah seseorang yang...
“Ya ampunnn,,, loe lagi??!! Hus,hus pergi sana! “ Tia yang baru sadar siapa yang barusan tabrakan sama dia langsung berdiri dan berkacak pinggang sambil melotot marah menghadang tu cowok walaupun hatinya bergetar hebat.
Sementara cowok yang di marahin malah memilih untuk pergi sebelum megucapkan kata “sorry” kepada Tia.
Dia pikir lebih baik nggak memperpanjang urusan dengan cewek yang satu ini karena bakalan bikin berabe.
Tia yang merasa nggak terima dan dicuekin malah makin marah dan berteriak marah. “Dasar cowok nggak bertanggung jawab loe, pokoknya sampai kapan pun gue nggak terima di permalukan kayak gini dan gue bakalan......” Silvi berhasil mendekap mulut Tia karena dia nggak mau ikut di permalukan dan menjadi bahan omongan orang-orang di kantin ini hanya gara-gara ulah Tia yang kekanak-kanakan gini.
Tia mau protes tapi...“ Stop.. Jangan ngomong lagi. Kenapa sih loe ya? Sifat loe tadi itu nggak banget, udah kayak anak kecil, nggak sopan, dan nggak bisa ngertiin perasaan orang lain? Emang alasan loe marah-marah ke Rendy tadi apa? Padahal loe yang salah, malah orang lain yang di salahin dan satu lagi,, ingat... Rendy itu mantan pacar loe dan dia itu orang yang baik banget menurut gue.” Silvi mengeluarkan semua unek-unek di pikiran dan hatinya yang dari dulu nggak sempat di utarain karena Rendy selalu memaksa dia untuk diam jika Tia selalu marah-marah padanya.
“Loe yang kenapa?? Dia udah mempermalukan gue di kantin tadi dan stop jangan bilang dia mantan gue dan jangan ingetin gue tentang kebaikan-kebaikan dia di masa lalu, karena itu akan membuat gue makin muak pada cowok brengsek itu, diluar aja keliatan baik, huh... “ Tia nggak terima dengan pembelaan Silvi terhadap Rendy karena dia yang pernah ngerasain disakiti,dihianati dan dipermalukan.
“terserah loe,, gue Cuma mau ngasih tau loe kalau Rendy nggak seburuk dan sehina dugaan loe itu dan jangan salahin siapapun kalau suatu saat nanti loe nyesel ngelakuin kebodohan ini.” Silvi pergi meninggalkan Tia yang syok mendengar perkataan sahabatnya itu,, apakah maksud dari semua perkataan silv i tadi.
Udah Seminggu perkataan Silvi waktu itu masih saja mengiang-ngiang di telinga Tia.
“Dia nggak seburuk dugaan loe dan jangan salahin siapapun kalau suatu saat nanti loe nyesel ngelakuin kebodohan ini”.
Dan karena nggak tahan lagi dengan rasa penasarannya Tia menghampiri Silvi ke kelasnya yang udah semingguan ini semenjak kejadian itu dia selalu menghindari Tia.
Silvi langsung mendengus kesal melihat Tia datang menghampirinya dan dia udah bersiap-siap pergi dari kursinya, tapi dengan sigap Tia menahannya dan langsung menyeretnya ke taman sekolah dan anehnya silvi hanya diam diperlakukan begitu.
“Sekarang jelaskan maksud omongan loe seminggu yang lalu karena gue udah nggak tahan dihantui terus oleh omongan loe itu dan sikap loe yang selalu menghindari gue.” Tia to the point mengutarakan maksud utamanya bertemu dengan Silvi.
“omongan apa? Dan maksud loe apa?” Silvi hanya menjawab dengan nada dingin dan memilih nggak menghadap langsung kearah Tia.
“Plis vi,, bisa-bisa gue mati penasaran dan menderita seumur hidup kalau loe terus giniin gue, ok.. gue minta maaf atas kejadian seminggu yang lalu itu, dan sekarang tolong jelasin ke gue maksud loe apa ngomong kayak gitu??” Tia mulai meneteskan air matanya karena udah nggak sanggup lagi menahan penderitaannya selama ini, baik itu masalah omongan silvi, kemarahan silvi padanya dan perasaannya pada rendy yang selalu aneh.
Silvi paling nggak bisa ngeliat sohibnya yang satu ini nangis seperti sekarang dan dia merangkul Tia erat sekali.” Gue nggak bermaksud bikin loe menderita ya, gue Cuma ingin loe sadar aja akan tingkah loe yang buruk itu kepada Rendy, bagaimanapun juga Rendy itu tetap sahabat gue.” Tia mulai tenang walaupun masih ada tetesan air matanya yang jatuh.
“Loe tau sendirikan Vi, ginmana sakit hati gue gara-gara penghianatannya itu.Sakit banget vi. Dan sialnya sampai sekarang bayangan dia masih nggak bisa gue hapus dari hati gue.” Tia mulai jujur pada Silvi tentang perasannya yang selalu menderita.
Silvi tersenyum sesaat, “Gue tau kok kalau loe masih sayang sama Rendy, tapi yang gue sayangin kenapa setiap Rendy mau ngejelasin kesalahannya waktu itu loe marah nggak ngasih kesempatan padanya. Dan sekarang gue yakin loe bakalan nyesel kalau lo tau cerita yang sebenarnya.”
Silvi yang selama ini juga udah nggak tahan menyimpan kebenaran yang selalu dirahasiakannya bersama Rendy berfikir kalau sekarang adalah waktu yang tepat untuk membocorkannya kepada Tia.
Tia mengerutkan dahinya” Maksud loe apa vi??”
“ok,, gue akan jelasin semuanya dan gue harap loe nggak memotong ataupun berkomentar saat gue ngomong.”
Silvi mendesah. “Waktu malam sebelum loe ultah itu,, Rendy menemui gue dan dia minta tolong ama gue agar nemanin dia milihin kado buat loe.
Tapi berhubung waktu itu gue lagi sibuk ngurus persiapan kejutan buat ultah loe, jadinya gue nyaranin Rendy pergi ama Bela, dia sahabat gue dan Rendy waktu kecil yang waktu itu baru kembali dari London, cewek yang loe lihat di mall bareng Rendy itu.waktu loe pulang sambil nangis-nangis dan cerita kalau Rendy selingkuh, terus cerita bagaimana mesranya Rendy memakaikan kalung ke Cewek itu, saat itu gue juga heran dan sempat soudzon, jangan-jangan Rendy dan Bela masih saling suka karena gue tau bagaimana sedihnya Rendy waktu bela dan keluarganya mau pindah ke London. Tapi malamnya Rendy nelpon gue dan jelasin semuanya kalau dia dulu sempat janji jika Bela pulang dia bakal beliin bela kalung berliontin bintang. Dan saat itu Bela nagih, sekalian katanya.
Waktu gue mau jelasin semua itu sama loe, rendy malah ngelarang gue dan dia mau ngejelasin sendiri katanya.Tapi saat dia mau ngejelasin loe malah selalu marah-marah ama dia dan nggk pernah mgasih dia kesempatan dan dia juga nyuruh gue diam karena dia nggak mau ngerusak persahabatan kita. Gue juga nggak tau maksudnya apa tapi yang gue tau, dia itu masih sangat sayang sama loe karena gue selalu ngeliat dia mandangin foto kalian berdua kalau lagi duduk sendirian. Jadi bel, gue saranin loe maafin dia dan lanjutin hubungan kalian, gue nggak mau ngeliat sahabat-sahabat gue menderita gini.”
Tia udah nggak sanggup menahan air matanya keluar lagi dan sekarang dia sadar betapa dia sangat merindukan saat-saat indahnya bersama Rendy dulu.
”Gue mau nemuin Rendy sekarang vi, dia dimana?”Tia udah siap-siap berdiri.
Wajah silvi sedih lagi, “ Udah terlambat, dia udah nggak disini lagi, dia udah ke Amerika nyusul bonyoknya, katanya dia nggak mau jadi orang yang membuat loe menderita lagi. Waktu dia mau berangkat tiga hari yang lalu itu gue sempat berantem dulu ama dia.Gue bilang kalau dia cowok pengecut tapi dia menyangkal kalau semua ini buat kebahagiaan bersama.”
Tia membayangkan tiga hari yang lalu waktu Rendy datang kerumahnya dan waktu dia ngeliat Rendy lagi duduk di ruang tamu bersama bundanya, dia langsung mengusir rendy, saat itu dia juga nggak mau dengar saat rendy mau ngomong sesuatu ama dia dan dia juga nggak telalu mikirin waktu ngeliat wajah bundanya seperti mau ngomong tapi saat dilirik, Rendy malah nggak jadi ngomong.
“Jadi waktu dia kerumah gue dia mau ngomongin itu dan jelasin semuanya,tapi gue malah... “ Tia menangis sejadi-jadinya dan memeluk erat Silvi.”Gue nggak mau kehilangan dia lagi vi,, gue masih sayang banget ama dia.”
Tia, loe kenapa?? Vi, tia kenapa nangis gitu?? Loe apain dia??” Pertanyaan beruntun itu membuat Tia kaget karena suara orang itu sangat di kenalnya dan orang itu...
“Rendy....” Tia langsung memeluk Rendy yang masih bengong dan khawatir.”Jangan pergi dan jangan tinggalin gue,, gue minta maaf selama ini nggak pernah dengerin omongan loe. Ren, jangan pergi..”
Tia melepaskan pelukannya dan baru sadar kalau dia lagi dibohongin Silvi waktu ngeliat seragam yang dipakai Rendy masih seragam sekolah yang sama dengannya dan saat dia noleh ke Silvi dia malah kesel ngeliat Silvi ngakak bebas di kursi.
“Sabar... hehe soalnya kalau gue nggak gituin loe, sampai Rendy bener-bener pergi loe nggak bakalan kayak tadi. Hahahahahahahhahah..........” Silvi menjelaskan tujuannya sebelum Tia menyemprotnya karena kesel.
“Ya ampunn.....” rendy yang baru sadar dan ngerti tentang kejadian itu malah senyum-senyum nggak jelas kearah Tia. Tia yang digodain gitu malah memeluk Rendy dan Silvi, dia nggak marah dimainin dengan kebohongan barusan,malah dia bersyukur banget Silvi gituin dia karena semua itu bikin dia sadar akan keangkuhan dan kesalahannya selama ini dan saat ini hatinya seakan terasa plong banget.
End
Jumat, 25 November 2011
Selasa, 08 November 2011
Three Fish
Once three fish lived in a pond. One evening, some fishermen passed by the pond and saw the fish. ‘This pond is full of fish’, they told each other excitedly. ‘we have never fished here before. We must come back tomorrow morning with our nets and catch these fish!’ So saying, the fishermen left.
When the eldest of the three fish heard this, he was troubled. He called the other fish together and said, ‘Did you hear what the fishermen said? W must leave this pond at once. The fishermen will return tomorrow and kill us all!’ The second of the three fish agreed. ‘You are right’, he said. ‘We must leave the pond.’
But the youngest fish laughed. ‘You are worrying without reason’, he said. ‘We have lived in this pond all our lives, and no fisherman has ever come here. Why should these men return? I am not going anywhere – my luck will keep me safe’.
The eldest of the fish left the pond that very evening with his entire family. The second fish saw the fishermen coming in the distance early next morning and left the pond at once with all his family. The third fish refused to leave even then.
The fishermen arrived and caught all the fish left in the pond. The third fish’s luck did not help him – he was caught and killed.
When the eldest of the three fish heard this, he was troubled. He called the other fish together and said, ‘Did you hear what the fishermen said? W must leave this pond at once. The fishermen will return tomorrow and kill us all!’ The second of the three fish agreed. ‘You are right’, he said. ‘We must leave the pond.’
But the youngest fish laughed. ‘You are worrying without reason’, he said. ‘We have lived in this pond all our lives, and no fisherman has ever come here. Why should these men return? I am not going anywhere – my luck will keep me safe’.
The eldest of the fish left the pond that very evening with his entire family. The second fish saw the fishermen coming in the distance early next morning and left the pond at once with all his family. The third fish refused to leave even then.
The fishermen arrived and caught all the fish left in the pond. The third fish’s luck did not help him – he was caught and killed.
the moon, baloon and spoon
This is a very strange story about the moon, a balloon and a spoon-but who's to say it isn't true?
It happened late one night when everybody had gone to bed. All the children in the houses had been fast asleep for hours, and all the grown-ups too. Only the cats that sat on the rooftops were wide awake in the monnlight.
Suddenly there came a noise like..,,,...thunder perhaps, or a jet plane maybe, or the roaring, rushing sound of a hurricane......no-one could really say for sure.
All at once everyone was out of bed opening their windows and looking up into the sky.
There it was again, and again, and again. The noise was so loud that it knocked off some of the chimney pots and sent them rolling down the roofs.
"What is it?" the people in the houses cried with fright.
A ginger cat who had been sitting on the roof seemed to know the answer.
"Its the Moon!" he purred, looking very aloof. "The Moon has a bad cold and he keeps on sneezing!" and the ginger cat strolled off to find a quieter rooftop.
Sure enough when the people looked up into the sky, they could see that the Moon had a dreadful cold red nose and all!
The stars were scattered across the sky, for they found it very difficult to hang on when the Moon was sneezing so hard.
All through that night the moon sneezed and sneezed. No-one got a wink of sleep and everyone felt very tired and grumpy next morning.
"What are we going to do?" neighbours asked one another-but nobody had the least idea.
"How long does a bad cold usually last?" someone asked the chemist in the shop down the street.
"At least a week," he said gravely, "and in some cases up to a fortnight!"
Everybody groaned. No sleep for a fortnight.....it was unthinkable!.
"What the Moon really needs is a bottle of my best cold medicine," the chemist went on, "that will stop him sneezing in a jiffy."
"This all sounds very silly indeed," said a lady who lived in one of the houses. "How on earth can we give medicine to the Moon?"
"Somebody could float up there in a ballon," said one little boy "they do it all the time in nursery rhymes and fairy stories!"
"That sounds like a very good idea to me," a man spoke up, "I have a hot-air balloon and would gladly help the Moon's bad cold!"
First the medicine had to be mixed. The chemist found everything he needed and put all the ingredients into a great big bowl. He had a giant bottle in his shop window so he carefully poured the cold mixture into that.
"So far so good," smiled the chemist looking very pleased with himself.
"We shall need a giant spoon!" piped up the little boy (whose idea it was in the first place).
"I've just the thing," cried the baker. "I use it to stir my cakes at Christmas time.......I've such a lot to make!"
So straight away he ran to his shop to fetch the giant spoon.
The man who owned the hot-air balloon started getting things ready.
The little boy (whose idea it was in the first place), was going up in the basket to give the Moon the medicine.
By the time darkness fell and the Moon appeared in the sky, everything was ready.
You could hear that the Moon's cold was no better, in fact he sounded much worse. Even the clouds were being blown all over the place.
"Soon we shall be sneezing instead of twinkling," some of the stars grumbled loudly.
At long last the man in the hot-air balloon and the little boy, (whose idea it was in the first place), reached the Moon.
Very, very carefully the little boy gave the Moon the cold medicine from the giant spoon.
"Is it alright to take the whole bottle?" asked the Moon wheezing and sneezing.
"Perfectly alright," the little boy replied, "it says so on the label!"
The cold medicine worked wonders. In next to no time the Moon recovered and all was peace and quiet.
Everyone in the houses had a good night's sleep, for there was nothing to disturb their slumbers......and the cats walked along the rooftops as usual and gazed up at the moon, who was asleep too!
It happened late one night when everybody had gone to bed. All the children in the houses had been fast asleep for hours, and all the grown-ups too. Only the cats that sat on the rooftops were wide awake in the monnlight.
Suddenly there came a noise like..,,,...thunder perhaps, or a jet plane maybe, or the roaring, rushing sound of a hurricane......no-one could really say for sure.
All at once everyone was out of bed opening their windows and looking up into the sky.
There it was again, and again, and again. The noise was so loud that it knocked off some of the chimney pots and sent them rolling down the roofs.
"What is it?" the people in the houses cried with fright.
A ginger cat who had been sitting on the roof seemed to know the answer.
"Its the Moon!" he purred, looking very aloof. "The Moon has a bad cold and he keeps on sneezing!" and the ginger cat strolled off to find a quieter rooftop.
Sure enough when the people looked up into the sky, they could see that the Moon had a dreadful cold red nose and all!
The stars were scattered across the sky, for they found it very difficult to hang on when the Moon was sneezing so hard.
All through that night the moon sneezed and sneezed. No-one got a wink of sleep and everyone felt very tired and grumpy next morning.
"What are we going to do?" neighbours asked one another-but nobody had the least idea.
"How long does a bad cold usually last?" someone asked the chemist in the shop down the street.
"At least a week," he said gravely, "and in some cases up to a fortnight!"
Everybody groaned. No sleep for a fortnight.....it was unthinkable!.
"What the Moon really needs is a bottle of my best cold medicine," the chemist went on, "that will stop him sneezing in a jiffy."
"This all sounds very silly indeed," said a lady who lived in one of the houses. "How on earth can we give medicine to the Moon?"
"Somebody could float up there in a ballon," said one little boy "they do it all the time in nursery rhymes and fairy stories!"
"That sounds like a very good idea to me," a man spoke up, "I have a hot-air balloon and would gladly help the Moon's bad cold!"
First the medicine had to be mixed. The chemist found everything he needed and put all the ingredients into a great big bowl. He had a giant bottle in his shop window so he carefully poured the cold mixture into that.
"So far so good," smiled the chemist looking very pleased with himself.
"We shall need a giant spoon!" piped up the little boy (whose idea it was in the first place).
"I've just the thing," cried the baker. "I use it to stir my cakes at Christmas time.......I've such a lot to make!"
So straight away he ran to his shop to fetch the giant spoon.
The man who owned the hot-air balloon started getting things ready.
The little boy (whose idea it was in the first place), was going up in the basket to give the Moon the medicine.
By the time darkness fell and the Moon appeared in the sky, everything was ready.
You could hear that the Moon's cold was no better, in fact he sounded much worse. Even the clouds were being blown all over the place.
"Soon we shall be sneezing instead of twinkling," some of the stars grumbled loudly.
At long last the man in the hot-air balloon and the little boy, (whose idea it was in the first place), reached the Moon.
Very, very carefully the little boy gave the Moon the cold medicine from the giant spoon.
"Is it alright to take the whole bottle?" asked the Moon wheezing and sneezing.
"Perfectly alright," the little boy replied, "it says so on the label!"
The cold medicine worked wonders. In next to no time the Moon recovered and all was peace and quiet.
Everyone in the houses had a good night's sleep, for there was nothing to disturb their slumbers......and the cats walked along the rooftops as usual and gazed up at the moon, who was asleep too!
contoh kata pengantar makalah
KATA PENGANTAR
Alhamdulillah,puji dan syukur penulis ucapkan atas kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah memberikan rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan makalah botani farmasi ini dengan judul “Ikhtisar Buah dan Biji”.Makalah ini disusun dalam rangka memenuhi tugas individu mata kuliah botani farmasi Program Studi Farmasi UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Selama menyusun makalah ini,penulis banyak memperoleh bantuan dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak.Oleh karena itu penulis ingin mengucapkan terimakasih kepada :
1. Seluruh staf dosen mata kuliah botani farmasi yang telah memberikan banyak ilmu pengentahuan kepada penulis.
2. Orang tua tercinta yang selalu mendukung,mendoakan dan memberikan bantuan baik moril maupun materil.
3. Seluruh teman yang selalu membantu penulis.
Semoga makalah ini dapat bermanfaat bagi pembacanya. Terima kasih.
Jakarta,06 November 2011
Mazaya Fadhila
Alhamdulillah,puji dan syukur penulis ucapkan atas kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah memberikan rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan makalah botani farmasi ini dengan judul “Ikhtisar Buah dan Biji”.Makalah ini disusun dalam rangka memenuhi tugas individu mata kuliah botani farmasi Program Studi Farmasi UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Selama menyusun makalah ini,penulis banyak memperoleh bantuan dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak.Oleh karena itu penulis ingin mengucapkan terimakasih kepada :
1. Seluruh staf dosen mata kuliah botani farmasi yang telah memberikan banyak ilmu pengentahuan kepada penulis.
2. Orang tua tercinta yang selalu mendukung,mendoakan dan memberikan bantuan baik moril maupun materil.
3. Seluruh teman yang selalu membantu penulis.
Semoga makalah ini dapat bermanfaat bagi pembacanya. Terima kasih.
Jakarta,06 November 2011
Mazaya Fadhila
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